SCOTS
CMSW

thi

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in thi blanks coverit bithiloast modal verbs thi overaw
bi thi loast modal verbsthioveraw function o a modal
form is thi same butthioveraw grammatical function is different
verbs thus thi form isthisame but thi overaw grammatical
subjunctive became less common anthiform dee d oot o
mark thi functions expressit bithiformal subjunctive an this wis
bound as this merger continuitthiformal subjunctive became less common
affectit bi this obscuration wisthiformal subjunctive thi formal subjunctive
obscuration wis thi formal subjunctivethiformal subjunctive wis a form
thi result wis that althouchthiformal subjunctive wis separate frae
formal subjunctive wis separate fraethiindicative mood thi unstressit syllable
understaundin o thi processes ahintthidifferentiations atween this aspect o
scots an english ane othimain systemic differentiations exists in
main systemic differentiations exists inthimodal verb system an althouch
provide a greater understaundin othiprocesses ahint thi differentiations atween
scotland as a result othicentre bein locatit in glesgae
caw centre operators workin inthiglesgae science centre maist o
glesgae science centre maist othiworkers in this public eddication
glesgae howe er muckle othiworkforce comes frae glasgow an
and possibility smith 1996 151thiresult wis that althouch thi
modal verb system an althouchthiscots modal verb system is
therefore modal verbs dinnae takthi3rd person addition o s
skall an thi evidence othiaulder scots modal suggests that
scots 1700 present day athinthiaulder scots period thi modal
in a construction kent asthidouble modal construction in quhilk
in a similar fashion taethienglish modal verbs thare ar
scots modal verbs compairit taethienglish modal verbs thus thi
middle english modal verb systemthiessay wull then flit tae
but in modal verbs withiexception o negation thi addition
thi english modal verbs thusthiform is thi same but
large degree o variation inthiindividual functions o modal verbs
verbs an modal verbs butthileid situation in scotland allows
fur modal shift particularly inthiloss o sall considert thi
modal verbs in place othilost modals ane possible point
shoud wear a t shirtthimain modal verbs in english
be discussed an comparit withimiddle english modal verb system
to corbett 1997 48 thereforethimodal expresses twa main types
o thi theoretical aspects underpinninthimodal verb development in scotland
dae it standard english yaisesthimodal verb ought tae or
left yit another gap inthimodal verb system an a
features o standard english anthimodal verb system is ane
overlap tae be foun inthimodal verbs it should be
occurred in ither areas othimodal verbs syne thare ar
athin thi aulder scots periodthimodal verbs yaised in this
modal verbs wid hae propounditthineed fur modal shift particularly
frae english modal verbs inthiperiod o aulder scots thi
thi period o aulder scotsthirange o modal verbs in
a modal verb howe erthiresultin sentence is ungrammatical ensaumple
amount o semantic variation inthiscots modal verbs compairit tae
o ither modal verbs causitthiscottish modal system tae alter
differences in function an inthisemantic range ilka modal verb
wull be a discussion othitheoretical aspects underpinnin thi modal
gif it is yaised inthifirst seicont or thrid wicht
gif it is yaised inthifirst wicht wull simply expresses
wicht i ll see yethimorn s mornin 2nd wicht
or occasionally hypothesis quhile inthiseicond an thrid wicht it
an thrid wicht it indicatesthispeaker s intentions ensaumple 16
verbs an main verbs usuallythiaddition o do tae thi
wi thi exception o negationthiaddition o these features produces
by thi burns federation anthiassociation fur scottish literary studies
be suggestit bi analogy withiauld english period during thi
in order tae fill inthiblanks coverit bi thi loast
encouraged through competitions run bythiburns federation an thi association
glasgow an thi surrounding areathicaw centre staff ar scottish
wi us ye kin haethicheesecake or thi ice cream
velar fricative x representit bythicht spelling thi preposition til
improve thi respectability o scotsthiclaim that thi scots leid
thi teaching o scots inthiclassroom is just as complex
thi culture o scotland kinthiculture o scotland be convey
s a possible loas othiculture o scotland kin thi
history oar anothir subject inthicurriculum thi texts yaised ur
sollen thi dutch is zullenthidanish is skall an thi
thi german form is sollenthidutch is zullen thi danish
wi thi literary renaissance othiearly 20th century an moves
level o scottish material intaethienglish curriculum in thi form
thi danish is skall anthievidence o thi aulder scots
position o less importance despitethifact it is thi principal
intae thi english curriculum inthiform o thi scottish texts
till thi present day insteadthiform sall and occasionally schall
need howe er tae markthifunctions expressit bi thi formal
roots than english shall doesthigerman form is sollen thi
o thi scottish texts inthihigher still program advanced higher
kin hae thi cheesecake orthiice cream but no baith
leid an thi publishing othikist it still hus tae
dialect o english but withiliterary renaissance o thi early
thi scale an scots atthiothir scots is usually regardit
thi auld english period duringthiperiod o late auld english
representit by thi cht spellingthipreposition til an definite article
quilk hus continuit up tillthipresent day instead thi form
despite thi fact it isthiprincipal leid o maist pupils
scottish literature an leid anthipublishing o thi kist it
mcclure ur attemptin tae improvethirespectability o scots thi claim
thi addition o do taethiroot verb adds emphasis tae
english at ane end othiscale an scots at thi
o scots thi claim thatthiscots leid is a priceless
thi loss o sall considertthiscottish equivalent o shall in
curriculum in thi form othiscottish texts in thi higher
workforce comes frae glasgow anthisurrounding area thi caw centre
but no necessarily in harmonythiteaching o scots in thi
anothir subject in thi curriculumthitexts yaised ur regularly scrieved
separate frae thi indicative moodthiunstressit syllable o thi vowels
mood thi unstressit syllable othivowels endit up mergin in
a flag quhile othirs yaisethidistinction that dialects ur mutually
adoptit bi james rapidly becamethinorm fur communication quhile scots
nane hae satisfactorily dealt withiproablems scots orthography poses quhile
roles its main functions includethiability tae dae somethin ensaumple
might can could or bithiaddition o have ensaumple 4
vowels endit up mergin inthicase o ensaumple 17 this
ensaumple 11 kin ye playthipiano kin i gae in
verbs kin be negatit bithiaddition o a negative marker
nae final g on verbsthinegative participle nae loss o
person addition o s inthipresent tense as main verbs
main verb in order furthiclause tae be completit as
verb development in scotland anthidivergence atween modren scots an
shoud a t shirt occasionallythimain verb kin be omittit
verb kin be omittit fraethisentence howe er this huz
sse hus ower scots isthiease wi speakers o othir
a educational system quhilk husthimajority o its texts writtin
andrews day hodgart argues thatthipromotion o the english hus
it hus tae begin atthisame time as english withoot
by baith pupils an dominiesthiteachin o it hus tae
hus an influential effect oanthiteachin o scots in schuils
the english hus been taethiunfortunate detriment o scots since
yaised by ian banks inthibridge obvious dialectal differences become
like behove dow an doughtthienglish form shall isnae yaised
also cannae be yaised anthifuture tense cannae be markit
buff hardie 1987 compared withiglaswegian dialect yaised by ian
yaised accordingly an thire isthiimplication that it cannae be
yaised alongside english english isnaethionly subject tae be affected
godmither wis scottish howe erthiequivalent statement wid be ye
future events an certainty gifthifairy godmither wis scottish howe
wee deviation in meanin inthiperiod o modren scots howe
parody o standard english speakersthiscots form is also howe
educatit projection o themselves anthicentre fur quhilk thae work
ane sic case in quhilkthiforms foun in scotland ar
is quite limitit in comparisonthiaulder scots period hud a
wur rare e en inthiaulder scots period sic like
this wis initiatit is durinthitransition frae aulder scots tae
in scotland ar identical taethiforms foun in england thare
hauds in public opinion anthioperators ar attemptin tae portray
ar closely intertwinit but atthisame time thae retain clear
as its yaise is ootsidethiclassroom many dominies feel uneasy
neglects a large section othipopulation yaise scots fur scots
an definite article yaise inthischool all show excerpt 1
mcclure 1988 60 whit isthifuture o scots it s
like mcclure s appeal thatthileid be locked away in
national life mcclure 1988 63thimaist probable ootcome fur scots
it he cannae drive yitthiaddition o do causes a
dinner he cans cook dinnerthiaddition o ed tae construct
tense cannae be markit bithiaddition o wull insteid modals
equivalent o shall in additionthiframework o a substantially different
addition o ed tae constructthipast tense also cannae be
wi regards tae scots sincethiambiguity atween leid an dialect
in scotland when discussin scotsthidistinction atween leid an dialect
satisfied distinct dialects occurrin withinthileid it still remains difficult
its limitations some dialects othisame leid kin be mutually
modern scotland how important isthiscottish leid in scotland when
century an moves tae improvethistatus o scots its leid
dialects but poletically this isnaethicase as webster argues languages
generation o cultural brainwashin inthiclassroom isnae easily owercome hodgart
atween can an may athinthipublic sector caw centres an
14 wull ye kin getthimilk i wull kin dae
piano kin i gae inthimotor wi ye or choice
fur permission or possibility inthisame wey as kin note
scots or urban scots intaethiclassroom i m quite comfortable
be ye wull ga taethiba cinderella scots will also
noo an integral part othiscottish curriculum an thire ur
or lazy english in speechthidivision atween scots sse an
evident it is in writingthidivision atween sse an standard
makkit an extensive catalogue othinumerous differences an similarities atween
help you as opposit taethiprototypical scottish english form hou
scots tae modren scots synethiloss o a large number
ane withoot t other withiloss of scots language there
view oan scots sae decisivelythidecision is a difficult ane
difficult position wi regards taethidichotaemy between scots an english
scots an sociolinguistic research furthiedinburgh corpus o spoken scottish
as a legitimate subject inthieyes o dominies scots suldnae
reform scots at schuil levelthiposition o scots at university
different frae that impliit bythiquote scots is a precious
unfortunate detriment o scots sincethistert o state education an
tae ane major problem withiteaching o scots in secondary
then be a discussion othitwa main areas o scots
ah an i this highlichtsthilack o a written standard
stems in some respects fraethinotion o politeness that standard
social discrimination exists primarily throughthipromotion o standard english or
to others corbett 1997 48thitable ablow refers tae standard
t speakers move away fraethitypes o social discrimination an
o this is utterit bithifairy godmither in cinderella you
an as sic wis gaenthimisnomer o scottis bi gavin
referr t tae gaelic whenthicentre o power moved frae
variation is a result othisimultaneously divergent an convergent paths
s only gaunae be throughthieducation o the wee yins
accessible but gey few withiexception o burns were scrieved
s a widespread belief amangthipopulation o scotland that poetry
swim it banks 1986 167thireplacement o wh wi f
in certain geographical areas othisouth an west o scotland
go to the ball cinderellathistatement offers an indication o
frae ma pockit taeok ootthiwee goldin statyou an lookt
less common in scotland asthipermission denotation taks precedent could
fit s fur what sthivelar fricative x representit by
need tae stert gaun taethigym görlach notes that this
come aboot whit huz causitthimodals tae diverge oan thair
see hoo the story unfoldsthiyin wi the sleekit waes
him dimps bit he sthiyin makin the doll dae
mean fan we wis atthischool we never got tv
watter an i thought whitthihell i ll swim it
looked at it thin atthiwatter an i thought whit
an siud ma choimeadas f982: thitha iad rudeigein tràth a
livin language is sacred fuckthilohta thim nae wan language
livin language is sacred fuckthilohta thim no one language
intimate voices in breaking downthilangwij hyrarky and showing how
applies to representing the asthiif the spelling of a
out to carolanne ye furgotthitails off as she sees
[laugh] and erm hawlin awthibooks ootma cupboard tryn to
iarraidh beagan dhen a f982: thitha tòrr daffodils agams air
thur ayewis confined a slavethithur faithir until thur a
i read that fit sthiworld comin til bairns watchin

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